The Parliament of India (Template:भारत संसद) is the supreme legislative body in India. Founded in 1919, the Parliament alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all political bodies in India. The Parliament of India comprises the President of India and the two Houses, Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States). The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha.[7]
The parliament is bicameral, with an upper house called as Council of States or Rajya Sabha, and a lower house called as House of People or Lok Sabha. The two Houses meet in separate chambers in the Sansad Bhavan (located on the Sansad Marg), in New Delhi. The Members of either house are commonly referred to as Members of Parliament or MP. The MPs of Lok Sabha are elected by direct election and the MPs of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies and Union territories of Delhi and Pondicherry only in accordance with proportional voting. The Parliament is composed of 790 MPs, who serve the largest democratic electorate in the world (714 million eligible voters in 2009).[8][9]
President of India
Similar to most Commonwealth countries, India also includes the Head of State (the President of India
in India's case) as a component of Parliament. The President of India
is elected, from a group of nominees, by the elected members of the
Parliament of India (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) as well as of the state legislatures (Vidhan Sabhas),
and serves for a term of five years. Historically, ruling party
(majority in the Lok Sabha) nominees have been elected and run largely
uncontested. Incumbents are permitted to stand for re-election, but
unlike the president of the United States,
who can be elected just twice, incumbents can be elected for any number
of terms. A formula is used to allocate votes so there is a balance
between the population of each state and the number of votes assembly
members from a state can cast, and to give an equal balance between
State Assembly members and National Parliament members. If no candidate
receives a majority of votes there is a system by which losing
candidates are eliminated from the contest and votes for them
transferred to other candidates, until one gains a majority.
Lok Sabha
Lok Sabha is also known as the "House of the People" or the lower house.
All of its members are directly elected by citizens of India on the
basis of Universal Adult franchise, except two who are appointed by the President of India. Every citizen of India
who is over 18 years of age, irrespective of gender, caste, religion or
race, who is otherwise not disqualified, is eligible to vote for the
election of Member of Lok Sabha.
The Constitution provides that the maximum strength of the House be 552 members. It has a term of five years. To be eligible for membership in the Lok Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India and must be 25 years of age or older, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt and should not be criminally convicted. At present, the strength of the house is 545 members.[12]
Up to 525 members represent the territorial constituencies in States, up to 20 members represent the Union Territories and no more than two members from Anglo-Indian community can be nominated by the President of India if he or she feels that the community is not adequately represented. House seats are apportioned among the states by population in such a manner that the ratio between that number and the population of the State is, so far as practicable, the same for all States.[12]
Several seats are reserved for representatives of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes as per reservation quota implemented. There is currently no quota in India's parliament for participation from women; however, the Women's Reservation Bill proposes to reserve 33% of the seats in Lok Sabha for women.
The Constitution provides that the maximum strength of the House be 552 members. It has a term of five years. To be eligible for membership in the Lok Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India and must be 25 years of age or older, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt and should not be criminally convicted. At present, the strength of the house is 545 members.[12]
Up to 525 members represent the territorial constituencies in States, up to 20 members represent the Union Territories and no more than two members from Anglo-Indian community can be nominated by the President of India if he or she feels that the community is not adequately represented. House seats are apportioned among the states by population in such a manner that the ratio between that number and the population of the State is, so far as practicable, the same for all States.[12]
Several seats are reserved for representatives of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes as per reservation quota implemented. There is currently no quota in India's parliament for participation from women; however, the Women's Reservation Bill proposes to reserve 33% of the seats in Lok Sabha for women.
Rajya Sabha
The Rajya Sabha is also known as "Council of States" or the upper house.
Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution.
However, one third of the members retire every second year, and are
replaced by newly elected members. Each member is elected for a term of
six years.[13] Its members are indirectly elected by members of legislative bodies of the States.
The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members in all. Elections to it are scheduled and the chamber cannot be dissolved. Each member has a term of 6 years and elections are held for one-third of the seats after every 2 years. 238 members are to be elected from States and Union Territories and 12 are to be nominated by President of India and shall consist of persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as the following, namely literature, science, art and social service.
The minimum age for a person to become a member of Rajya Sabha is 30 years.
the main functions of parliament are : {a} legislation, within its jurisdiction; {b} amendments of the constitution; {c} approval of presidential ordinance and proclamation; {d} consideration of president addresses and messages; {e} considerations of various resolutions and motions; {f} social legislation.
A new Parliament building may replace the existing complex.The new building is being considered on account of the stability concerns regarding the cuurent complex.[14].
Site for :
The Indian Parliament
www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/
http://parliamentofindia.gov.in/
Lok Sabha
http://loksabha.nic.in/
Rajya Sabha
http://rajyasabha.nic.in/
Source from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_India
The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members in all. Elections to it are scheduled and the chamber cannot be dissolved. Each member has a term of 6 years and elections are held for one-third of the seats after every 2 years. 238 members are to be elected from States and Union Territories and 12 are to be nominated by President of India and shall consist of persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as the following, namely literature, science, art and social service.
- Representatives of States are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assembly of the State in accordance with system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote.
- Representatives of Union Territories are indirectly elected by members of an electoral college for that territory in accordance with system of proportional representation.
The minimum age for a person to become a member of Rajya Sabha is 30 years.
Session of parliament
The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session.The Constitution empowers the President to summon each House at such intervals that there should not be more than 6 month's gap between the two sessions. Hence the Parliament must meet at least twice a year. In India,the parliament conducts three sessions each year:- Budget session: 20–35 days in the months of February to May.
- Monsoon session: 20–35 days in the months of July to August.
- Winter session: 20–34 days in the months of November to December
Central Hall
The Central Hall of the Parliament has been designed to be circular in shape. The dome is 98 ft. (29.87 metres) in diameter and is believed that it is one of the most magnificent domes in the world. The Central Hall is a place of historical importance in India for two reasons: The transfer of colonial power to the Provisional Government under Nehru in 1947 and the framing of the Constitution by the Constituent Assembly took place in this very hall. Originally, the Central Hall was used as the Library of the erstwhile Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of States until 1946, when it was converted and refurnished into the Constituent Assembly Hall. The Constituent Assembly met there from December 9, 1946 to November 26, 1949 to draft the constitution. At present, the Central Hall is used for holding Joint Sittings of the two Houses. At the commencement of the first session after each General Election to Lok Sabha and at the commencement of the first session of each year, the President addresses both the Houses of Parliament assembled together in the Central Hall. When the Houses are in session, the Central Hall is used by Members for informal discussions among themselves. Central Hall is also used for special occasions when the Members of Parliament are addressed by distinguished Heads of States of other countries. The Hall is also equipped with Simultaneous Interpretation System. functions of parliamentthe main functions of parliament are : {a} legislation, within its jurisdiction; {b} amendments of the constitution; {c} approval of presidential ordinance and proclamation; {d} consideration of president addresses and messages; {e} considerations of various resolutions and motions; {f} social legislation.
A new Parliament building may replace the existing complex.The new building is being considered on account of the stability concerns regarding the cuurent complex.[14].
Site for :
The Indian Parliament
www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/
http://parliamentofindia.gov.in/
Lok Sabha
http://loksabha.nic.in/
Rajya Sabha
http://rajyasabha.nic.in/
Source from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_India
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